A rifle can be in 1 of 4 states of condition but not more than 1 at any time. Also the state
     of condition a rifle is in can be changed at any time for the delight or distain of its owner.
     They are; 1) non functional, 2) consistently inaccurate, 3) accurate but inconsistent,
     4) consistently accurate. The last being the most desirable.

         To achieve a consistently accurate rifle takes quality components, machining,
     technology and operating disciplines

ACCURACY IS ACHIEVED WITH:

     1) The first and most important of all this is, is the barrel capable of the moa that your after.
         You and I can not make a 1" moa barrel shot .2 moa.

     2) That the chambering is coaxially aligned with the bore.

     3) The barrel tennon and receiver mate up with a stress free lockup.

     4) And lastly, that all the parts held or attached to the receiver are referenced from the bolt
         bore raceway i.e.; the bolt, barrel and machined surfaces are 90 degrees, parallel,
         equidistant, est..

CONSISTENCY IS ACHIEVED BY BUT NOT LIMITED TO:

     1) Double sleeving the bolt body, taking the bolt cant out.

     2) Bushing the firing pin hole and turning the pin to .0625.

     3) Drag free firing pin and spring travel.

     4) Stress free bedding.

     5) Consistent trigger let off.

     6) Loads developed for the conditions shot in.

     7) Stock design.

     8) Rest system.

         The technology and skills have been known for some time by a few to produce a custom
     action that contains the above requisites to manufacture an action that is a barrel tester.
     From about 1995 to remachine a production action and turn it into the same. That being
     said not all custom actions are barrel tester and the same for production actions. Not all
     production actions have the inherent design to be accurate.  Some hit a plateau and are
     left behind by not updating with learned techniques and others have the formula but lack
     the knowledge and aptitude to use the information.    E=MC 2  You know the formula, but
     do you know how to use it?
     

         The big difference between a custom and a production action is the area when a cross
     section cut is made in the load port area of actions. This is the weakest part of an action
     for supporting a barrel. When the barrel is too long and heavy for the action, this causes
     the muzzle to bow down and then when the rifle is discharged, springing of the action
     occurs and the barrel starts to whip in a variable oscillation form shot to shot. A custom
     action almost always will support a longer heavier barrel. But that doesn't mean that it is
     more accurate than the production action that has been properly remachined. When a
     barrel of proper dimensions has been fitted to the production action, it will shot with the
     best of the custom's.      

         You can also have a production action that has a better design for rigidity but its total
     overall design prohibits it from being remachined to equal that of other production actions
     that can't support as heavy of a barrel.

         The application of the rifle and your check book usually determine if you go custom or
     remachined production.